Dr. Sandra Perkowski is a board certified anesthesiologist, currently acting as Head of Anesthesia at Blue Pearl Veterinary Specialists in Malvern Pennsylvania. After receiving her PhD in Physiology studying the role of inflammatory mediators, including arachidonic acid metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, in the development of acute lung injury, Dr. Perkowski attended veterinary school at the University of Pennsylvania. She completed her internship and residency at the University where she remained as both staff and faculty for almost 30 years, serving as Head of the Anesthesia Service and training a number of students, interns and residents. While on faculty, she was funded through the NIH studying The Role of the Inflammatory Response in the Development of Lung Injury to Hyperoxia. She has served on the Residency Committee for the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, and has been the Head of the Examination Committee for the College. Her primary interests include pain management in the small animal and equine patients, as well as anesthesia for the critical care patient, and she is certified in veterinary medical acupuncture. She has spoken at numerous national and international veterinary conferences and has authored several papers and book chapters, both on pain management and anesthesia. When not working, Sandie enjoys spending time with her retired Thoroughbreds, field trialing her pack of Weimaraners, and hiking near her homes in Unionville PA and on the South Island of New Zealand.